Analysis of the data processing strategies of spherical harmonic expansion model on global ionosphere mapping for moderate solar activity

Spherical harmonic (SH) expansion is widely used to model the global ionosphere map (GIM) of vertical total electron content (VTEC). According to the impact of different data processing methods of the SH expansion model on the VTEC maps, we specifically performed comprehensive analysis in terms of the data sampling rate, the time resolution, the spherical harmonic degree, and the relative constraint. One month of GPS data (January in 2016) from the International GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Service (IGS) network in a moderate ionospheric activity period at the descending phase of Solar Cycle 24 was processed. To improve the computational efficiency of the daily GIM generation, the data sampling rate of 5?min was recommended allowing the GIM precision loss within 0.10 TECU (total electron content unit). The global VTEC map could be better represented in temporal and spatial domains with higher time resolution and higher spherical harmonic degree, especially at low latitude bands and in the southern hemisphere. The GIM precision improvement was about 10.91% for 1-h and about 15.15% for 0.5-h compared with the commonly used 2-h time resolution. The use of spherical harmonic degree 17 or 20 instead of 15 could improve the precision by 3.19% or 6.06%. We also found that an optimal relative constraint had to be found experimentally considering both the GIM precision and the GIM root mean square (RMS) map.     

SSPS-OMEGA超大型球形聚光器结构拓扑构型与设计

为同时兼顾千米量级尺度空间太阳能电站聚光系统的在轨发射安装难度、光学收集效率、稳定性及结构工艺等多方面的因素，提出采用基于球面正多面体的经纬线划分法模块化构建球形聚光器。该方法不仅可实现基础划分单元分布均匀、规格种类少，降低在轨构建与运载发射难度。而且只要合理控制弧高等分数和基础划分单元的口径就可以同时保证聚光系统的光学收集效率。理论与仿真结果显示，当弧高等分数为24时，该划分法共有25种基础单元件，整个球面被分成5762块。并且此时模块化构建的实际球形聚光器的光学收集效率与理想球面相比基本保持不变，解决了太阳能电站聚光系统设计中存在的关键问题。     

Solar sails for perturbation relief: Application to asteroids

A major cause of spacecraft orbital variation comes from natural perturbations, which, in close proximity of a body, are dominated by its non-spherical nature. For small bodies, such as asteroids, these effects can be considerable, given their uneven (and uncertain) mass distribution. Solar sail technology is proposed to reduce or eliminate the net secular effects of the irregular gravity field on the orbit. Initially, a sensitivity analysis will be carried out on the system which will show high sensitivity to changes in initial conditions. This presents a challenge for optimisation methods which require an initial guess of the solution. As such, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed as the preferred optimisation method as this requires no initial guess from the user. A multi-objective optimisation is performed which aims to achieve a periodic orbit whilst also minimising the effort required by the sail to do so. Given the system sensitivity, the control law for one orbit is not necessarily applicable for any subsequent orbit. Therefore, a new method of updating the control law for subsequent orbits is presented, based on linearisation and use of a Control Transition Matrix (CTM). The techniques will later find application in a multiple asteroid rendezvous mission with a solar sail as the primary propulsion system.     

自由段弹道扰动引力计算的球谐函数极点变换

为提高弹道导弹自由段扰动引力赋值速度,提出了自由段扰动引力计算的球谐函数极点变换一般方法。重点针对轨道动量矩与天球交点为极点及主动段关机点为极点两种情况,推导了考虑侧向偏差和地球旋转修正的扰动引力计算的球谐函数极点变换模型。仿真分析表明:从落点偏差来看,前者扰动引力计算相对误差为1.89%,后者为6.07%,满足诸元和制导精度要求。     

多GNSS全球电离层建模特性及其精度检验

分别以GPS单系统和融合BDS,GPS,GLONASS三系统两种方案,采用载波相位平滑伪距观测值和球谐函数,构建了全球电离层延迟模型并进行了对比和分析.本文以GPS单系统和融合三系统两种方法反演了2014年1月每日电离层变化过程,解算得出了频间偏差的月综合产品,并对结果进行了对比和分析.事实上,三系统融合不仅增加了可观测的卫星数,而且改善了穿刺点的几何分布.分析结果表明,三系统融合反演全球电离层在精度上优于GPS单系统,均有5~10 TECU的提高.计算得到的频间偏差结果显示,GPS优于GIONASS,BDS稳定性则较次之.     

Impact of bending dies with different friction forms on forming force and quality of tubes manufactured by free bending technology

In the 3D free bending forming system, the bending die can be designed either in a sliding type or rolling friction type. Bending die-based sliding friction type is often called normal bending dies; however, the bending dies-based rolling friction type includes bending die-based roller type and ball type in structure. In the current study, the impact of three bending dies on the forming force, and the bent tube quality was investigated. The obtained results showed that the tangential stresses and strains of the tubes formed by the bending die-based roller type were the smallest among the three bending dies. Besides, the spherical bearing force P_U was reduced drastically after using the roller type and ball type compared to the sliding friction type. Moreover, the uniformity of the wall thickness distribution of the tubes formed by the roller type and ball type was better than those obtained from the sliding friction type. In addition, the cross-section distortion rate was reduced by 2.8% using the roller type, and 1.8% using ball-type compared to the sliding friction type.     

等极孔球形压力容器平面缠绕规律

基于空间解析几何理论及运动学分析方法,建立复合材料球形压力容器平面缠绕落纱点轨迹运动方程,推导出等极孔球形容器表面缠绕纤维落纱点空间位置、速度以及加速度的求解函数;通过对落纱点运动规律的分析,解出空间落纱点各方向运动速度的大小及其各方向夹角余弦值。最后利用Matlab软件对不同的丝嘴运动平面倾斜角的缠绕轨迹进行模拟,通过该计算方法模拟的轨迹结果与实际球形容器缠绕线型相符合,验证了该算法的有效性。     

球面收敛调节片喷管RCS数值模拟研究

结合物理光学迭代法(IPO)和等效棱边电磁流法(EEC),自主开发了电大尺寸腔体电磁散射特性计算程序,并通过对某试验模型雷达散射截面积(RCS)进行计算,完成了程序的可靠性验证。利用该程序对带有电磁信号遮挡板且采用3种不同尾缘修形技术的球面收敛调节片矢量喷管(SCFN)进行了RCS数值模拟研究。结果表明:随着入射方位角的增大,喷管的RCS整体上有减小的趋势;喷管尾缘的修形只有在雷达波以较大方位角入射时对减小RCS效果明显;电磁信号遮挡板的存在很大程度上减弱了喷管的电磁信号特征。     

观测数据野值剔除的TBS-LS逼近方法

提出了以最小二乘逼近方法为基础的数据野值判别与剔除算法。利用TBS（三角B样条）曲线同时具有局部性和整体性的优越性构造最小二乘拟合算法,并结合偏度分析与残量分析误差方法,在给定范数意义下的评价系统中,可以得到TBS-LS（最小二乘三角B样条）拟合曲线,从而可以更好地识别并剔除野值。最后给出算法以及主要结果,通过实例说明方法的有效性。     

光致伸缩作动器对开口球壳的主动振动控制

基于电压源模型,推导出薄膜式光致伸缩作动器应变与光强的本构关系。建立光电层合球壳系统动力学方程及模态控制方程。利用规格化后的模态控制因子对球壳子午线方向及圆周方向的薄膜与弯矩效应进行评价,不同位置下的模态控制因子为作动器布局优化提供了依据。将LQR控制算法与光源激励策略相结合,确定光电层合球壳系统的主动控制策略。进行主动振动控制仿真,得到球壳位移及控制光强响应曲线。仿真结果表明,在较低能量的控制光强下,光致伸缩作动器可实现对球壳的主动振动控制,且振动抑制效果明显。